Well, I can't really answer your first set because I'm honestly not too sure (I can get up to 8 hours on my Macbook, if that helps), but I have TONNS of pointers--
1. Turn your screen as dim as you can
2. Press ctrl, alt, and delete on your PC (or command, option, esc on mac), and always shut off all programs that you don't need running
3. If you have wifi/whatever running and you don't need it, shut it off
4. Playing movies will wear your battery right down, so if you can help it, don't watch any if you need long battery life for something
long term:
1. Keep your battery as cool as possible at all times (but not below like 40 degrees)
2. When you're using AC power, take your battery out! The hard drive will get your battery hot and it will lose its life slowly
3. When you have to use your battery, try to wear it down all the way every time you use it. Don't use it some, re-charge it, use it some more, re-charge it---wear it all the way down and then charge it.
I hope this helps :)